Week 2

South Korea ferry trial: Sewol Capt Lee was 'confused'

 He captain of the South Korean ferry that sank in April has said he was in a very "confused" state during the incident, as he started giving evidence in his trial.
   More than three hundred people died, most of them schoolchildren, when the Sewol  passenger ferry capsized.Lee Joon-seok, 69, is charged with negligent homicide - a crime punishable by death in South Korea.The trial, being held in the city of Gwangju, began in June.
  The BBC's Stephen Evans in Gwangju said Capt Lee repeatedly told the court that he was confused and not in his normal state of mind when the ship began to sink on 16 April.Capt Lee said he had ordered the ship to be abandoned but that the order was not followed. The prosecutors say this contradicts what he had previously told the police.
   Investigators have said a combination of cargo overloading, illegal modification of the vessel and inexperienced helmsmanship was behind the disaster.
   A less-experienced crew member was steering the ship when it made a sharp turn causing it to list sharply to one side.The parents of some of the teenagers who died during the incident have been attending the trial.Our correspondent said throughout the trial, relatives of the deceased teenagers have intervened, often with wails of anguish mixed with anger.Eleven other members of the crew are also facing trial on lesser charges.A separate trial is under way for officials of the company that operated the ferry Chonghaejin Marine Co.The billionaire businessman
   Yoo Byung-eun, the owner of the company, went missing shortly after the disaster and was later found dead.The incident sparked widespread grief and anger in South Korea.

 

http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-29519521

Structure of the lead
   Who-Capt Lee
   When-7 October 2014
   What-He said he was in a very confused state during the incident.
   Why-not given
   Where-Gwangju
    How-a crime punishable by death

Keywords
     1.capsize:使翻覆
     2.negligent :不在意的
     3.homicide:殺人犯
     4.prosecutor:檢察官
     5.contradict:否認     
     6. helmsmanship:掌舵者 
     7 .correspondent:通訊記者

Week1

Profile: Malala Yousafzai

It has only been five years since Pakistani schoolgirl Malala Yousafzai wrote an anonymous diary about life under Taliban rule in north-west Pakistan.

Since then she has been shot in the head by the militants and become the youngest person ever to win the Nobel Peace Prize.

She first came to public attention through that heartfelt diary, published on BBC Urdu, which chronicled her desire to remain in education and for girls to have the chance to be educated.

When she was shot in the head in October 2012 by a Taliban gunman, she was already well known in Pakistan, but that one shocking act catapulted her to international fame.

She survived the dramatic assault, in which a militant boarded her school bus in Pakistan's north-western Swat valley and opened fire, wounding two of her school friends as well.

The story of her recovery - from delicate surgery at a Pakistani military hospital to further operations and rehabilitation in the UK, and afterwards as she took her campaign global - has been closely tracked by the world's media.

She was discharged from hospital in January 2013 and her life now is unimaginably different to anything she may have envisaged when she was an anonymous voice chronicling the fears of schoolgirls under the shadow of the Taliban.

She was named one of TIME magazine's most influential people in 2013, put forward for the Nobel Peace Prize in 2013, won the European Parliament's Sakharov price for Freedom of Thought and her autobiography "I Am Malala" was released last year, and reversioned for younger audiences.

Malala was only 11 years old when her anonymous diary - published between January and March 2009 on BBC Urdu - captivated audiences with its heartfelt account of the struggle for girls' education at a time when the Taliban controlled Swat.

She wrote under a pseudonym - Gul Makai, the name of a heroine from a Pashtun folk tale.

Militants destroyed scores of girls schools in the time the Taliban wielded power over the valley. They had an implacable attitude to female education and this was Malala's primary concern.

In January 2009, as the school was closing for winter vacation she wrote: "The girls were not too excited about vacations because they knew if the Taliban implemented their edict [banning girls' education] they would not be able to come to school again. I am of the view that the school will one day reopen but while leaving I looked at the building as if I would not come here again."

She documented the anxiety she and her friends felt as they saw students dropping away from class for fear of being targeted by militants, and as the girls began to attend school in plain clothes not uniform, so as not to draw attention to themselves.

Eventually, Malala and her family, like many thousands of other Swat residents, fled the valley when a government military operation attempted to clear the region of militancy.

Passionate campaigner

Malala consistently received support and encouragement in her activism from her parents. The idea for the blog was even that of her father Ziauddin, who ran a local private school.

In a lengthy profile published in Vanity Fair magazine, one teacher from Swat said that her father "encouraged Malala to speak freely and learn everything she could".

And her identity as the girl blogger from Swat eventually became known as she became more vocal on the subject of the right of girls to education. It is a subject she never ceased to be passionate about even after she returned home once the militants had been run out of Swat.

In 2009 a documentary film was even made about her. Many more honours followed: in 2011 she was nominated for the International Children's Peace Prize by The KidsRights Foundation and in 2012 the Pakistani government awarded her the National Peace Award - subsequently renamed the National Malala Peace Prize - for those under 18 years old.

She even confronted then US special envoy to the region, Richard Holbrooke, urging him to do something about the state of affairs for women who want an education.

When she finally returned to Swat, Malala took advantage of the improved security and went back to school. Malala and her family were the subject of threats and it was on 9 October 2012 that these were borne out.

The Taliban said that they targeted her for "promoting secular education" and threatened to attack her again.

Back at school

The bullet hit Malala's left brow and instead of penetrating her skull it travelled underneath the skin, the length of the side of her head and into her shoulder.

Amid the outpouring of global support she was flown to the UK and at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital in the city of Birmingham she received specialist treatment and had a titanium plate fitted as well as a cochlear implant in her skull to help her hear.

She began attending Edgbaston High School in March and her father has been given a job with the Pakistani consulate in Birmingham for three years.

But she has continued her campaign and taken it around the world.

A fund set up in her name helps children in education around the world and she even travelled to Nigeria, meeting President Goodluck Jonathan to press for action to free the 200 girls held by Boko Haram Islamist militants.

It is all a far cry from the girl who wrote in her diary only four years ago: "Today, I also read my diary written for the BBC in Urdu. My mother liked my pen name Gul Makai. I also like the name because my real name means 'grief stricken'."

http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-23241937


Structure of the Lead

 Who-Malala
         When-10 October 2014
         What-A courage girl who fights for education right in her hometown.
        Why-The Taliban forbids the girls study in the school. 
        Where-north-west Pakistan
          How-Malala disseminstes her faith by giving the speech around the world.


Keywords
      1.chronicle:敘述
        2. catapulte:用彈設器發射

3.assault: 攻擊
        4.envisage:想像
        5.reversion:逆轉

6.captivate:使著迷

7.pseudonym:筆名
        8.wield:揮舞；施加

9.edict:官方命令

10.envoy:使者

11.consulate:領事館